从语言的发展来看,一个词总会有一个最原始的或最基本的词义(叫做本义),而其他的词义是由这个词发展或引申而来的(叫做引申义)。引申,就是由原义产生新义。选择词义难就难在这个“新”字上。一是英语单词本身已有引申义。这就要勤查字典,从诸多词义中去挑选最合适的词义。二是词典中所有词义都不贴切,要根据汉译的需要去创造新义,而新义又必须与本义相关联。如good一词在英语中已有引申义“strong, vigorous (强健的,有力的)”。因此,His eyesight is still good.一句应译为“他的视力仍然很强。”(good由“好的”引申为“强的”)。而在下面的例句中,good可引申为“高度的”。
To produce strong X-rays the tube had to be made a very good vacuum.
8,the rocket travels better through vacuum than it des through the air.
火箭穿过真空比穿过空气容易。(good引申译为“容易”)
9,A good example of a case where electricity is changed to power is the electric streetcar.电变为动力的典型例子是电车。(good example引申译为“典型的例子”)
10,In the absence of an outdoor aerial this telescopic aerial will give a good picture if the transmitter signal is sufficiently strong.在无室外天线时,若发射机的信号很强,这种拉杆天线可产生清晰的图象(good picture引申译为“清晰的图象”)
11,Laser possesses a series of remarkable properties, which make it a better light source in a number of cases.激光有许多显著的特性,这些特性使它在许多情况下成为一种更理想的光源。(good引申译为“理想的”)
(2)、有益的
Milk is good food for children.牛奶对小孩是有益的。汉译时引申:
1,good gradient平缓的坡度
2,It is no good heating the material to such a temperature.把材料加热到这样的温度是不恰当的。(good引申为“恰当的”)
(3)、能胜任的;有能力的;能干的
汉译时引申:
1,a good chess player高明的棋手
2,A good human translator can do perhaps 2000 to 3000 words a day.一个熟练的翻译人员一天也许能翻译两千到三千个词。(good引申译为“熟练的”)
(4)、彻底的;完全的
The workers gave the machine a good checking.工人们对机器进行了彻底的检查。汉译时引申:
1,have a good drink喝个痛快
2,It has been thought of making good use of the sun\"s energy to serve the well-being of the people.我们早就设想过充分利用太阳能来为自己造福。(good引申译为“充分”)
3,This set consumes so little power that a good 12 volt car battery can still start your car after you have been watching TV for 10 hours.本机耗电极少,因而具有12伏足电的汽车蓄电池在你看电视十小时后仍能用于开车。(good引申为“充足的”)
4,Rivers provide good sources of hydropower.河流具有丰富的水力资源。 (good引申译为“丰富的”)
5,The CE circuit is widely favored since it can be designed for good voltage and current gains. CE电路得到广泛的使用,因为它能获得高电压增益和高电流增益。(good... gains引申译为“高……增益”)