头痛headache 感冒cold 咳嗽cough 肺炎pneumonia 肝炎hepatitis 脑膜炎brain fever/meningitis 膀胱炎cystitis 急性胃炎acute gastritis 胃炎gastritis 气管炎trachitis 支气管炎bronchitis 阑尾炎 appendicitis 胃肠炎gastroenteritis 乳腺炎mastitis 肿瘤tumor 癌症cancer 禽流感bird flu/avian influenza 非典SARS(Severe Acute Respiratary Syndrome) 疯牛病mad cow disease 黑死病black death 白血病leukemia 爱滋病AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) 流感influenza 白内障 cataract 狂犬病rabies 中风stroke 冠心病 coronary heart disease 糖尿病diabetes 肺癌 lung cancer 肝癌liver cancer 肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis 肝硬化hepatocirrhosis 慢性病chronic 肺气肿emphysema 胃癌cancer of stomach 胃病stomach trouble 心脏病heart disease 发烧fever 常见疾病的英语表述方式如果问:“世界上最难治的病是什么?”肯定很多人会说:“癌症cancer和艾滋病Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome。”这两种病症确实是当之无愧的第一号和第二号世界级医学难题。但是,普通的病毒感冒由于携带的基因突变genic mutation率非常高,所以也是没有办法根本治愈的。平常所谓的感冒治疗common cold,通常都是治标不治本Address the symptoms, not the cause,或者只是抑制病毒;真正在抗病毒方面起到生力军作用的还是得归功于我们身体的安全卫士白细胞white cell和身体临时产生的特异抗体antibody。引起普通感冒的常见因素有:睡眠不足、劳累过度、气温骤变和被他人传染等。 感冒时的症状有: 头疼headache, 流鼻涕running nose, 眩晕dizzy, 耳鸣tinnitus, 全身酸痛muscular stiffness/feel sore all over, 喉咙痛sore throat, 声音嘶哑hoarseness/lose one’s voice, 多汗sweaty, 全身发冷feel cold all over和发烧have a fever等。 Example 1: Hi, Peter. I discovered I’ve lost my voice when I woke up just now. I totally cannot speak. So I cannot work. But I’m terribly worried about Jason’s mother. She hardly accepts any absence or delay even if reasonable. Example 2: Hi, Peter. These past few days my phone has either been turned off or not with me. I had a big personal problem with Sam, but I am okay now. I woke up today feeling a lot better from my cold, so I will be able to continue work today. I won’t let you down again! 还有,普通人经常患的另一种疾病就是拉肚子have a run/diarrhea。引起拉肚子的主要原因有:吃了不容易消化的事物eat some food hard to digest, 吃了腐败变质的事物eat some rotten food/eat some bad food, 吃了不卫生的食品eat some dirty food和抵抗力下降weakened resistance。不同的人易患拉肚子的可能性有很大的差别individual difference:有些人稍微吃点外面餐馆的东西就会立刻下痢;有些人被誉为抵抗力强,很少因吃了街边小吃、过于麻辣的火锅spicy hotpot和非常油腻的饭菜very greasy dishes而闹肚子;而有的人在经过一段时间的适应后胃肠部抵抗力变得强大起来,也较少拉肚子了。所以,在英美等国,人们也会时常相互提醒:”Pay special attention to the food in some restaurant. Some are dirty and can possibly cause cancer in a long run.” 拉肚子的症状一般包括:胃疼stomachache, 小腹痛abdomen pain, 肠鸣gurgling sound, 感觉恶心feel like vomiting/feel like throwing up/nausea, 上吐下泻vomiting and diarrhea, 胃胀气bloating和肛门干疼anal dry pain等。 除了感冒和拉肚子外,次常见的病症有(不按照发生的频率高低排列顺序):糖尿病diabetes, 血友病hemophilia, 白血病leukemia, 过敏性鼻炎allergic rhinitis, 哮喘asthma, 肺炎pneumonia, 肝炎hepatitis, 近视nearsightedness, 弱视weak sight, 斜视strabismus [strə'bizməs], 视网膜脱离retinal detachment, 银屑病psoriasis [psə'raiəsis], 酒糟鼻brandy nose, 胃炎gastritis, 胃溃疡gastric ulcer, 肠炎enteritis, 肠梗阻ileus ['iliəs], 口腔溃疡canker sore, 沙眼trachoma [trə'kəumə], 中风apoplexy ['æpə,pleksi], 高血压hypertension, 低血压hypotension, 强迫症obsession/compulsive disorder, 风湿病rheumatism ['ru:mətizəm, 'ru-]等等。