中央国家机关首长名称(Titles of the leaders of Organizations of the Central Authorties)
副委员长Vice-Chairman
副主席 Vice-President
副总理 Vice-Premier
国务委员 State Councilor
国务院总理 Premier of the State Council
全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长 Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会主席 Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference
中华人民共和国主席 President of the People’s Republic of China
中央军事委员会主席 Chairman of the Central Military Commission
最高人民法院院长 President of the Supreme People’s Court
最高人民检察院检察长 Chief Procurator of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate
12．中国主要群众组织名称(Names of Major Mass Organizations of China)
中国奥林匹克委员会 China Olympic Committee
中国保险学会 China Insurance Society
中国当代文字研究会 Chinese Society for Studying Contemporary Literature
中国福利会 China Welfare Institute
中国国际交流协会 China Association for International Understanding
中国国际贸易促进委员会 China Council for the Promotion of International Trade
中国红十字协会 Red Cross Society of China
中国环境科学学会 China Society of Environmental Sciences
中国教育工会China Educational Workers Trade Union
中国金融学会 China Monetary Society
中国科学技术协会 China Association of Science and Technology
中国拉丁美洲友好协会 China-Latin America Friendship Association
中国伦理学会 China Society of Ethics
中国逻辑学会 China Logical Society
中国美术家协会 Union of Chinese Artists
中国农学会 China Society of Agronomy
中国人民对外友好协会 Chinese People’s Association of Friendship with Foreign countries
中国人民救济总会 Chinese People’s Relief Administration
中国人民外交学会 Chinese People’s Institute of Foreign Affairs
中国统计学会 China Statistical Society
中国外语教学研究会 Chinese Foreign Languages Teaching Research Society
中国心理学会 China Society of Psychology
中国修辞学会 China Society of Rhetoric
中国亚非团结委员会 China Committee for Afro-Asian Solidarity
中国伊斯兰教协会 Chinese Islamic Association
中国音乐家协会 Union of Chinese Musicians
中国语言学会 China Society of Linguistics
中国作家协会 Union of Chinese Writers
中华护理学会 China Nurses’ Association
中华全国科学技术普及协会 All-China Association for the Dissemination of Scientific and Technical Knowledge
中华全国民主妇女联合会 All-China Federation of Democratic Women
中华全国民主青年联合会 All-China Federation of Democratic Youth
中华全国体育总会 All-China Sports Federation
中华全国文学艺术界联合会 All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles
中华全国学生联合会 All-China Students’ Federation
中华全国总工会 All-China Federation of Trade Unions
中华医学会 China Medical Association
中尼友好协会 China-Nepal Friendship Association
国务院所属各部、委、局的名称(Names of the Ministries, Commissions and Bureaus Under the State Council)
兵器工业部 Ministry of Ordnance Industry
财政部 Ministry of Finance
城乡建设环境保护部 Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection
地质矿产部 Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources
电子工业部 Ministry of Electronics Industry
对外经济贸易部 Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade
对外贸易经济合作部 Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation
纺织工业部 Ministry of Textile Industry
工商行政管理总局 General Bureau of Industrial and Commercial Administration
公安部 Ministry of Public Security
广播电影电视部 Ministry of Radio, Film and Television
国防部 Ministry of National Defense
国防科学技术工业委员会 the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense
国家安全部 Ministry of State Security
国家标准总局 State Bureau of Standardization
国家测量制图局 State Bureau of Surveying and Cartography
国家档案局 State Archives Bureau
国家地震局 State Bureau of Seismology
国家发展计划委员会 State Development Planning Commission
国家海洋局 State Oceanic Bureau
国家计划生育委员会 The State Family Planning Commission
国家计划委员会 The State Planning Commission
国家计量总局 State Bureau of Metrology
国家教育委员会 the State Commission of Education
国家经济体制改革委员会 the State Commission for Restructuring Economic System
国家经济委员会 the State Economic Commission
国家科学技术委员会 the State Science and Technology Commission
国家民族事务委员会 the State Nationalities Affairs Commission
国家商品检验局 State Commodity Inspection Bureau
国家水产总局 State Bureau of Aquatic Products
国家税务局 State Taxation Administration
国家体育运动委员会 the State Physical Culture and Sports Commission
国家统计局 State Statistical Bureau
国家物价局 State Bureau of Commodities Prices
国家物资局 State Bureau of Goods and Materials
国家新闻出版署 State Press and Publications Bureau
国内贸易部 Ministry of Internal Trade
国土资源部 Ministry of Land and Natural Resources
国务院参事室 Office of Counselors to the State Council
国务院港澳办公室 Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office Under the State Council
国务院侨务办公室 Overseas Chinese Affairs Office Under the State Council
海关总署 General Administration Industry
航空工业部 Ministry of Aeronautics Industry
航天工业部 Ministry of Astronautics Industry
核工业部 Ministry of Nuclear Industry
华侨事务委员会 Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission
化学工业部 Ministry of Chemical Industry
机械工业部 Ministry of Machine-Building Industry
监察部 Ministry of Supervision
建设部 Ministry of Construction
交通部 Ministry of Communications
教育部 Ministry of Education
科学技术部 Ministry of Science and Technology
劳动和社会保障部 Ministry of Labour and Social Security
劳动人事部 Ministry of Labour and Personnel
林业部 Ministry of Forestry
旅行游览总局 General Administration of Travel and Tourism
煤炭工业部 Ministry of Coal Industry
民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs
农牧渔业部 Ministry of Agriculture, Animal husbandry and Fishery
轻工业部 Ministry of Light Industry
全国供销合作总社 All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives
审计署 Auditing Administration
石油工业部 Ministry of Petroleum Industry
水利电力部 Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power
司法部 Ministry of Justice
铁道部 Ministry of Railways
外国专家局 Bureau of Foreign Experts Administration
外交部 Ministry of Foreign Affairs
外文出版社 Foreign Languages Press
卫生部 Ministry of Public health
文化部 Ministry of Culture
新华社 Xinhua News Agency
信息产业部 Ministry of Information Technology and Telecom Industries
冶金工业部 Ministry of Metallurgical Industry
邮电部 Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications
中国国际旅行社 China International Travel Service
中国旅行社 China travel Service
中国民用航空总局 General Administration of Civil Aviation of China
中国人民银行 the People’s Bank of China
中国文字改革委员· Committee for Reforming the Chinese Written Language
中国中央电视台 China Central Television Station (CCTV)
中央历史档案馆 Central Historical Archives
中央气象局 Central Bureau of Meteorology
中央人民广播电台 the Central People’s Broadcasting Station
中央文史研究馆 Central Research Institute of Culture and History
宗教事务局 Bureau of Religious Affairs
省、市、地、县、区、乡、镇、村、居委会首长名称(Titles of the Leaders of Provinces, Municipalities, Cities, Prefectures, Counties, Districts, Townships, Towns, Villages, Neighborhood Committees)
副省长 vice-governor
副市长 vice-mayor deputy mayor
XX地区专员 administrative commissioner of X X prefecture
居委会主任 neighborhood committee chairman (or: director)
区长 district head (leader)
省长 governor
市长 mayor
厅(局)长 department (bureau) director
县长 magistrate (or: county head, leader)
乡(镇、村)长 township (town, village) head
外交事务常用语 (Commonly-Used Expressions for Diplomatic Affairs)
(不)受欢迎的人 persona (non-) grata
备忘录 memorandum, memo
陛下 His (Her, Your) Majesty
参赞 counselor
常任(驻)代表 permanent representative
大使 ambassador
大使馆 embassy
大使级代表 representative of ambassadorial level
代办 charge d’affaires
代办处 office of the charge d’affaires
殿下 His (Her, Your) Royal Highness
多边条约 multilateral treaty
否决权 veto (powre)
副大使 deputy ambassador
副代表 alternate, deputy
副公使 deputy minister
副总领事 deputy consul-general
阁下 His (Her, Your) Excellency
公报 communique
公告(通告) announcement
公使 minister, envoy
公使馆 legation
公使衔参赞 counselor with the rank of minister, minister counselor
公约 convention
观察员 observer
国书 letter of credence, credentials
交换留学生协定 agreement on exchange of students
介绍书 letter of introduction
君子协定 gentlemen’s agreement
科学技术合作协定 agreement on scientific and technical cooperation
联合公司 joint communique
联合声明 joint statement
联合宣言 joint declaration
联络处 liaison office
临时代办 charge d’affaires ad interim
领事 consul
领事馆 consulate
陆(海、空)军武官 military (naval, air force) attache
盟约 covenant
批准书 instruments of ratification
普通照会 verbal note
全权代表 plenipotentiary
商务参赞 commercial counselor
声明 statement
首席代表 chief delegate
双边条约 bilateral treaty
随员 attache
特命全权大使 ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary
条约 treaty
通知照会 circular note
外交惯例 diplomatic practice
外交豁免 diplomatic immunities
外交使团 diplomatic corps
外交使团团长 doyen (dean) of the diplomatic corps
外交特权 diplomatic privileges
外交途径 diplomatic channels
外交信使 diplomatic courier
外交邮袋 diplomatic bag (pouch)
委任书(证书) letter (certificate) of appointment
文化(商务)专员 cultural (commercial) attache
文化参赞 cultural counselor
文化合作协定 agreement on cultural cooperation
武官处 military attache’s office
宪章 charter
协定 agreement
新闻官 press office
宣言 declaration, manifesto
一(二、三)等秘书 first (second, third) secretary
议定书 protocol
召回公文 letter of recall
正式照会 formal note
仲裁书 arbitration award
仲裁协定 arbitration agreement
总领事 consul-general
总领事馆 consulate-general
节假日名称(Names of Holidays)
元旦 new Year’s Day
国际劳动妇女节 International Working Women’s Day
国际劳动节 International Labour Day
五一节 May Day
中国青年节 Chinese Youth Day
国际儿童节 International Children’s Day
党的诞生日 party’s Birthday
建军节 Army Day
国庆节 National Day
春节 Spring Festival
元宵节(灯节) lantern Festival
清明节 Pure Brightness Day
扫墓节 Graveyard-Sweeping Day
端午节 Dragon-Boat Festival
中秋节 Mid-Autumn (Moon) Festival
教师节 Teachers’ Day
重九(阳)节 Double-Ninth Festival
登山节 Mountain-Climbing Festival
林肯生日(2月12月) Lincoln’s Birthday (Feb. 12)
情人节(2月14日) St. Valentine’s Day (Feb. 14)
华盛顿生日(2月20) Washington’s Birthday (Feb. 20)
[耶稣]复活节 Easter
母亲节(每年五月的第二个星期口) Mother’s Day
阵亡将士纪念日(5月29日) Memorial Day (May 29)
国旗日(6月14日) Flag Day (June 14)
父亲节(每年六月的第三个星期日) Father’s Day
美国独立纪念日(7月4日) independence Day (July 4)
祖父母节(9月10日) grandparents’ Day (Sept. 10)
万圣节前夕(10月31日) Halloween (Oct. 31)
万圣节(11月1日) All Saints’ Day (Hallowmas) (Nov. 1)
退伍军人节(11月11日) Veterans’ Day (Nov. 11)
感恩节(11月23日) Thanksgiving Day (Nov. 23)
圣诞节(12月25日) Christmas (Dec. 25)
除夕 New year’s Eve
中国二十四节气(The Twenty-Four Solar Term of China)
立春 the Beginning of Spring
雨水 Rain Water
惊蛰 the Waking of Insects
春分 the Spring Equinox
清明 Pure Brightness
谷雨 Grain Rain
立夏 the Beginning of Summer
小满 Grain Full
芒种 Grain in Ear
夏至 the Summer Solstice
小暑 Slight Heat
大暑 great Heat
立秋 the Beginning of Autumn
处暑 the Limit of Heat
白露 White Dew
秋分 the Autumn Equinox
寒露 Cold Dew
霜降 Frost’s Descent
立冬 the Beginning of Winter
小雪 Slight Snow
大雪 Great Snow
冬至 the Winter Solstice
小寒 Slight Cold
大寒 Great Cold
中国文学名著书名 (Titles of Well-Known Chinese Literary Works)
《阿Q正传》(鲁迅) The True Story of Ah Q
《百合花》(茹志娟) “The Lilies”
《暴风骤雨》(周立波) The Hurricane
《茶馆》(老舍) Tea house
《长生殿》 “Palace of Eternal Youth”
《楚辞》 Poetry of the South
《春秋》 The Spring and Autumn Annals
《大学》 The Great Learning
《大堰河》(艾青) “Dayanhe”
《道德经》 The Classic of the Virtue of the Tao (the Book of Lao Zi, Dao De Jing)
《废都》(贾平凹) The Faded Capital, The Waste Capital
《封神演义》 The Canonization of The Gods
《汉书》 History of the Former Han Dynasty
《红楼梦》 A Dream of Red Mansions, Dream of the Red Chamber, Dreams in the Red Chamber, The Secret of the Red Chamber, A Red Chamber Dream, The Story of a Stone, An Old Story
《红日》(吴强) Red Sun
《红岩》(罗广斌) Red Crag
《家》、《春》、《秋》(巴金) Family, Spring, Autumn
《金瓶梅》 Jin Ping Mei, golden Lotus
《镜花缘》 Flowers in the Mirror
《苦菜花》(冯德英) Bitter Herbs
《狂人日记》(鲁迅) “A Madman’s Diary”
《老残游记》 The Travels of Lao Can
《雷雨》(曹禺) Thunderstorm
《礼记》 The Book of Rites
《李白成》(姚雪垠) Li Zicheng
《聊斋志异》 Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, Strange Stories from Make-Do Studio, Strange Tales of LiaoZhai, Chinese Ghost and Love Stories, The Chinese Fairy Book, Tales of Genii, The Record of Marvels, Self-Diversion Study, A legendary of Record In Self-Diversion Study
《林海雪原》(曲波) Tacks in the Snowy Forest
《论语》 The Analects of Confucius
《骆驼样子》(老舍) Camel Xiangzi, Rickshaw Boy
《孟子》 Mencius
《名优之死》(田汉) The Death of A Star
《牡丹亭》 The Peony Pavilion
《孽海花》 A flower in an Ocean of Sin
《女神》(郭沫若) “Goodesses”
《青春之歌》(杨沫) The Song of Youth
《日出》(曹禺) Sunrise
《儒林外史》 The Schoilars, The Informal History of the Literati, A Legend of Confucian Intelligentsia
《三国演义》 Romance of the Three Kingdoms
《上海的早晨》(周而复) Morning in Shanghai
《上海屋檐下》(夏衍) “Under Shanghai Eaves”
《诗经》 The Book of Songs, The Book of Odes, The Book of Poetry
《史记》 Historical Records, Records of the Historian
《书经》(《尚书》) the Book of History
《水浒传》 Water Margin, Outlaws of the Marsh, All Men Are Bothers, Rebels In the Marshes, 108 Brothers
《四书》 The Four Books
《太阳照在桑干河上》(丁玲) The Sun Shines over the Sanggan River
《桃花扇》 Peach Blossom Fan
《五经》 The Five Classics
《西厢记》 The Western Chamber
《西游记》 Journey to the West, Pilgrimage to the West, Monkey
《艳阳天》(浩然) Bright Sunny Skies
《易经》(《周易》) The Book of Changes
《战国策》 Strategies of the Warring States Period
《中庸》 The doctrine of the Mean
《子夜》(茅盾) Midnight
《左传》(《吕氏春秋》) Autumn and Spring of Mr. Lu
汉译英经济词语选
保险业 the insurance industry
保证重点支出 ensure funding for priority areas
贬值 devalue
补偿贸易 compensation trade
补发拖欠的养老金 clear up pension payments in arrears
不动产 real estate; immovable property
不良贷款 non-performing loan
财产权 property right
财产税 property tax
财政赤字 financial deficits
层层转包和违法分包 multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting
差价 price difference
差价关税 variable import levy
承包商 contractor
承包责任制 contract and responsibility system; system of contracted responsibility
城乡信用社 credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas
城镇居民最低生活保障 a minimum standard of living for city residents
城镇职工医疗保险制度 the system of medical insurance for urban workers
吃回扣 get commission
出口信贷 export credit
初级阶段 primary stage
大款 tycoon; moneybags
贷款质量 loan quality
贷款质量五级分类办法 the five-category assets classification for bank loans
担保人 guarantor; guarantee
倒爷 profiteer
第二产业 secondary industry
第三产业 tertiary industry
第一产业 primary industry
董事 director; trustee
董事长 chairman (or president) of the board of directors
董事会 board of directors; board of trustee
对外开放 opening to the outside world; opening up
对外贸易 foreign trade
多种经营 diversified economy
防范和化解金融 take precautions against and reduce financial risks
防洪工程 flood-prevention project
非法外汇交易 illegal foreign exchange transaction
非贸易收汇 foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels
非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions
费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes
分红 draw dividends
分期付款 payment by installments
扶贫 aid-the-poor programme
岗位责任制 system of personal responsibility
跟踪审计 follow-up auditing
工程监理制度 the monitoring system for projects
公积金 accumulation fund
股份公司 joint-stock company; stock company
股份有限公司 company limited
股票交易所 stock exchange
股票经纪人 stockbroker
股票市场 stock market
关贸总协定 General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT)
官倒 official-speculator
国库券 State treasury bond; treasure bill
国有资产安全 the safety of state-owned assets
国债 national debt
过渡开垦 excess reclamation
合同管理制度 the contract system for governing projects
回扣 sales commission
机电产品 electromechanical products
积极的财政政策 pro-active fiscal policy
基本生活费 basic allowances
集体所有制 collective ownership
结售汇制度 the system of exchange settlement and sales
解除劳动关系 sever labor relations
金融监管责任制 the responsibility system for financial supervision
经济安全 economic security
经济技术开发区 economic and technological development zone
经济实体 economic entity
经济特区 special economic zone
经济体制 economic structure
就业 obtain employment; take up an occupation
靠扩大财政赤字搞建设 to increase the deficit to spend more on development
控股公司 holding company
扩大国内需求 the expansion of domestic demand
拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth
捞外快 make an extra money
粮食仓库 grain depot
粮食收储企业 grain collection and storage enterprise
粮食收购资金实行封闭运行 closed operation of grain purchase funds
粮食销售市场 grain sales market
劣质工程 shoddy engineering
乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 arbitrary charges, find-raising, quotas and fines
欧元 Eurodollar
疲软 fatigued and weak; weaken; slump
骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency under false pretense, not turn over foreign
currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage
平均主义 equalitarianism
期汇 forward exchange
期货合同 forward contract
期货价格 forward price
企业集团 enterprise group
企业家 entrepreneur
人才流动 flow (or mobility) of trained personal
人才外流 brain drain
融资渠道 financing channels
软通货 soft currency
商品房 commercial housing
商品经济 commodity economy
商业信贷原则 the principles for commercial credit
社会保险机构 social security institution
失业保险金 unemployment insurance benefits
通货紧缩 (of money) deflation
偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税 tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes
外汇收支 foreign exchange revenue and spending
信托公司 trust company
信用证 letter of credit
易货贸易 barter
翻译学常用术语
表达 express
词序调整法 inversion
达(通顺) expressiveness
动态对等 dynamic equivalence
对等 equivalence
翻译 translate
翻译标准 translation criteria
翻译的原则 principles of translation
翻译腔 translationese
翻译学 translatology, translation studies
风格 style
归化 target language-oriented, domestication
减词 omission
交际法 the study of communicative approach
可读性 readability
可译性 translatability
跨文化交际 cross-cultural communication
理解 understanding
社会符号学 sociosemiotics
神似 close in spirit
文艺学 the study of literature