| 终末肾 | End-stage renal disease (ESRD) |
| 慢性肾脏疾病 | Chronic kidney disease (CKD) |
| 低蛋白饮食 | low-protein diet |
| 血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂 | angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor |
| 血管紧张素受体阻制剂 | angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB） |
| 肾小球滤过率 | glomerular filtration rate |
| 蛋白尿 | Microalbuminuria and Proteinuria |
| 尿素氮 | Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) |
| 肌酐 | Creatinine |
| 肾活检 | Kidney biopsy |
| 蛋白 | Protein |
| 胆固醇 | Cholesterol |
| 钠 | Sodium |
| 钾 | Potassium |
| 排尿困难 | Dysuria |
| 尿失禁 | Urinary Incontinence |
| 尿路感染 | Urinary Tract Infections |
| 尿崩症 | Diabetes Insipidus |
| 糖尿病肾病 | Diabetic nephropathy |
| 肾移植 | kidney transplant |
| 微量尿白尿 | Microalbuminuria |
| 促红细胞生成素 | erythropoietin |
| 肾性骨病 | Renal Osteodystrophy |
| 甲状旁腺激素 | Parathyroid hormone |
| 甲状旁腺功能亢进症 | hyperparathyroidism |
| 低白蛋白血症 | hypoalbuminemia |
| 尿素症 | Uremia |
| 血尿 | hematuria |
| 肉眼血尿 | gross hematuria |
| 镜下血尿 | microscopic hematuria |
| 肾小球肾炎 | glomerulonephritis |
| 肾病综合征 | nephrotic syndrome |
| 肾炎综合症 | nephritic syndrome |
| 急进肾小球肾衰竭 | Acute/rapidly progressive renal failure |
| 高血压 | Hypertension |
| 浮肿 | oedema |
| 高脂血症 | hypercholesterolaemia |
