法律渊源 source of law
司法解释 judicial interpretation
习惯法 customary law
公序良俗 public order and moral
自然法 natural law
罗马法 Roman Law
私法 private law
市民法 jus civile
民法法系 civil law system
英美法系 system of Anglo-American law
大陆法系 civil law system
普通法 common law
大陆法 continental law
平等原则 principle of equality
自愿原则 principle of free will
公平原则 principle of justice
诚实信用原则 principle of good faith
行为 act
作为 act
不作为 omission
合法行为 lawful act
违法行为 unlawful act
民事权利权利能力 civil right
绝对权 absolute right
相对权 relative right
优先权 right of priority
先买权 preemption
原权 antecedent right
救济权 right of relief
支配权 right of dominion
请求权 right of claim
物上请求权 right of claim for real thing
形成权 right of formation
撤销权 right of claiming cancellation
否认权 right of claiming cancellation
解除权 right of renouncement
代位权 subrogated right
选择权 right of choice
承认权 right of admission
终止权 right of termination
抗辩权 right of defense
一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense
永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right
不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right
同时履行抗辩权 defense right of simultaneous performance
既得权 tested right
期待权 expectant right
专属权 exclusive right
非专属权 non-exclusive right
人身权利 personal right
人权 human right
人格权 right of personality
生命健康权 right of life and health
姓名权 right of name
名称权 right of name
肖像权 right of portraiture
自由权 right of freedom
名誉权 right reputation
隐私权 right of privacy
私生活秘密权 right of privacy
贞操权 virginity right
身份权 right of status
亲权 parental power; parental right
亲属权 right of relative
探视权 visitation right
配偶权 right of spouse
荣誉权 right of honor
权利的保护 protection of right
公力救济 public protection
私力救济 self-protection
权利本位 standard of right
社会本位 standard of society
无责任行为 irresponsible right
正当防卫 justifiable right; ligitimate defence
防卫行为 act of defence
自为行为 self-conducting act
紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity
自助行为 act of self-help
不可抗力 force majeure
意外事件 accident
行为能力 capacity for act
意思能力 capacity of will
民事行为 civil act
意思表示 declaration of intention
意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus
完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act
限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act
准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person
保佐 protection
自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity
无行为能力 incapacity for act
禁治产人 interdicted person
自然人 natural person
公民 citizen
住所 domicile
居所 residence
经常居住地 frequently dwelling place
户籍 census register
监护 guardianship
个体工商户 individual business
农村承包经营户 leaseholding rural household
合伙 partnership
合伙人 partner
合伙协议 partnership agreement
合伙财产 property of partnership
合伙债务 debt of partnership
入伙 join partnership
退伙 withdrawal from partnership
合伙企业 partnership business establishment
个人合伙 partnership
法人合伙 partnership of legal person
特别合伙 special partnership
普通合伙 general partnership
有限合伙 limited partnership
民事合伙 civil partnership
隐名合伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership
私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship
法人 legal person
企业法人 legal body of enterprise
企业集团 group of enterprise
关联企业 affiliate enterprise
个人独资企业 individual business establishment
国有独资企业 solely state-owned enterprise
中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise
中外合作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterprise
社团法人 legal body of mass organization
财团法人 legal body of financial group
联营 joint venture
法人型联营 association of legal persons
合伙型联营 coordinated management in partnership
协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management
合作社 cooperative
民事法律行为 civil legal act
单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act
双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act
多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act
有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration
无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award
实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act
诺成性民事法律行为 consental civil legal act
要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act
不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act
要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act
不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act
主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act
从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act
附条件民事法律行为 conditional civil legal act
附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term
生前民事法律行为 civil legal act before death
死后民事法律行为 civil legal act after death
准民事法律行为 quasi-civil legal act
无效行为 ineffective act
可撤销民事行为 revocable civil act
违法行为 illegal act; unlawful act
侵权行为 tort
欺诈 fraud
胁迫 duress
乘人之危 taking advantage of others’ precarious position
以合法形式掩盖非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention
恶意串通 malicious collaboration
重大误解 gross misunderstanding
显失公平 obvious unjust
误传 misrepresentation
代理 agency
本人 principal
被代理人 principal
受托人 trustee
代理人 agent
本代理人 original agent
法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent
委托代理人 agent by mandate
指定代理人 designated agent
复代理人 subagent
再代理人 subagent
转代理人 subagent
代理权 right of agency
授权行为 act of authorization
授权委托书 power of attorney
代理行为 act of agency
委托代理 agency by mandate
本代理 original agency
复代理 subagency
次代理 subagency
有权代理 authorized agency
表见代理 agency by estoppel; apparent agency
律师代理 agency by lawyer
普通代理 general agency
全权代理 general agency
全权代理委托书 general power of attorney
孳息 fruits
天然孳息 natural fruits
法定孳息 legal fruits
无主物 bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods
遗失物 lost property
漂流物 drifting object
埋藏物 fortuna; hidden property
货币 currency
证券 securities
债券 bond
物权分类 classification of right in rem/real right
自物权 jus in re propria; right of full ownership
所有权 dominium; ownership; title
所有权凭证 document of title; title of ownership
占有权 dominium utile; equitable ownership
使用权 right of use; right to use of
收益权 right to earnings; right to yields
处分权 right of disposing; jus dispodendi
善意占有 possession in good faith
恶意占有 malicious possession
按份共有 several possession
共同共有 joint possession
他物权 jus in re aliena
用益物权 real right for usufruct
使用权 right to use; right of use
土地使用权 right to the use of land
林权 forest ownership
采矿权 mining ownership
经营权 managerial authority; power of management
承包经营权 right to contracted management
相邻权 neighboring right; relatedright
地上权 superficies
永佃权 jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract
地役权 servitude; easement
人役权 servitus personarum; personal servitude
担保物权 real right for security
物的担保 security for thing
物的瑕疵担保 warranty against defect of a thing
抵押权 hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage
抵押权的设定 creation of right to mortgage
抵押人 mortgagor
抵押权人 mortgagee
抵押标的物 collateral; estate under mortgage
抵押权的效力 deffect of right to mortgage
抵押权的次序 sequence of right to mortgage
抵押权的抛弃 abandonment of right to mortgage
抵押权的让与 alienation of right to mortgage
抵押权的实现 materialization of right to mortgage
抵押权的消灭 extinction of right to
mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage
抵押物登记 registration of estate under mortgage
抵押优先权 priority of mortgage
留置权 lien
一般留置权 general lien
特别留置权 special lien
质权 hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge
佃权 tenant right
债权 jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right
债权人 creditor
债务人 debtor
相对人 counterpart; offeree
给付 give; pay
债务 debt; liability; obligation
债务的偿还 payment of debt
债务的偿清 discharge of debt
债务的担保 guarantee of debt
债务的合并 consolidation of debt
债务的给付日期 debt maturity
债务的免除 exemption of debt
债的分类 obligatio; obligation
法定之债 legal obligation
任意之债 voluntary obligation
简单之债 simple obligation
选择之债 alternative obligation
主债 prime/principal obligation
从债 accessory obligation
单一之债 single obligation
按份之债 several obligation
连带之债 joint obligation
特定之债 certain obligation
种类之债 indefinite obligation
合同之债 contractual obligation
侵权行为之债 tort obligation
损害赔偿之债 obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages
人身损害 damage to person
精神损害 moral/mental/spiritual damage
医药费 hospital treatment expense
医疗费 medical charge
抚恤金 pension
慰问金 consolation money
产品瑕疵 defect of product
不当得利 unjust enrichment
无因管理 voluntary service
债的担保 guarantee of obligation
财产担保 property guarantee
信用担保 credit guarantee
让与担保 alienation guarantee
保证 guaranty
明示保证 express guaranty
默示保证 implied guaranty
保证人 guarantor
保证合同 contract of guaranty/suretyship
保证金 guaranty bond; security deposit
押金 deposit; foregift
预付款 advanced payment
定金 earnest money; deposit
违约金 liquidated damages
法定违约金 liquidated damages by law
约定违约金 liquidated damages by agreement
债的履行 performance of obligation
实际履行原则 doctrine of specific performance
情事变更原则 doctrine of change of circumstances
不当履行 misfeasance
清偿 discharge; satisfaction
提存 debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority
抵销 setoff
知识产权 intellectual property
知识产权国际保护 international protection of intellectual property
国民待遇原则 doctrine of national treatment
优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine
自动保护原则 doctrine of automatic protection
特许权使用费 royalties
智力成果 intellectual property
著作权 copyright
版权 copyright
著作权人 copyright owner
创作 creation
作品 opus; product; work
著作人格权 right of personality of copyright
发表权 right of publication
署名权 right of authorship; right of paternity
修改权 right of modification; right of revision
完整性保持权 right to maintain integrity
不可侵犯权 inviolability
收回权 right of recall; right of retrieval
自费出版 publish a book at the author’s own expense
著作财产权 property right in work
使用收益分享权 right to share usufruct
利用权 right to make use of
获得报酬权 right to get payment
重播权 right of rebroadcasting
录制权 right of fixation
机械复制权 right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction
著作邻接权 neighboring right of copyright
剽窃 plagiary; plagiarism
盗版 pirate
盗版VCD pirated VCD
伪造 forge
工业产权 industrial property
专利权 patent right
优先权日 priority date
申请在先原则 prior application rule
使用在先 priority of use
新颖性 novelty
创造性 creativity
实用性 practicability
发明创造 invention and creation
实用新型 utility model
外观设计 design; industrial design
发明权 right of invention
发现权 right of discovery
专利申请 patent application
专利异议 objection to a patent
专利公告 patent gazette
专利续展费 renewal fee of patent
专利许可协议 patent licensing agreement
技术诀窍 know-how
专有技术 know-how
专利证书 certificate of patent
专利事务所 patent office
专利代理 patent agency
中华人民共和国专利局 Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China
商标权 trademark right
商标国际注册 international registration of trademark
商品商标 commodity trademark
服务商标 service trademark
驰名商标 reputed trademark
广告商标 advertisement trademark
近似商标 similar trademark
商标评审委员会 trade review and appraisal board
商标审查 trademark examination
商标侵权 trademark infringement
商标注册 registered trademark
商标公告 trademark gazette
注册商标使用许可 licensing of registered trademark
注册商标转让 assignment of registered trademark
商标使用许可协议 trademark licensing agreement
商标事务所 trademark office
商标代理 trademark agency
婚姻、家庭、继承、收养 marriage, family, inheritance, adoption
婚姻法 marital law; marriage law
包办婚姻 arranged marriage
财产分割 partition; dismemberment of property
重婚 bigamy
独生子女 only child
法律婚 legal marriage
非婚生子女 illegitimate child
夫妻共同财产 community property
夫妻关系 conjugal relationship
夫妻分居 divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board
复婚 resumption of marriage
感情破裂 incompatibility
婚后财产公证 notarization of postnuptial properties
婚姻登记 marriage registration
婚生子女 ligitimate child
计划生育 birth control
结婚 marry
离婚 divorce
买卖婚姻 mercenary marriage
拟制血亲 blood relations in fiction of law
旁系血亲 collateral relation blood relation
涉外婚姻 marriage with foreign elements
配偶 spouse
事实婚 de facto marriage
诉讼离婚 divorce by litigation
探视权 visitation right
同居 cohabitation
晚婚 late marriage
无效婚姻 void marriage
协议离婚 divorce by agreement
一夫一妻制 monogamy
早婚 early marriage
直系血亲 lineal descent
自然血亲 natural blood relation
收养法 adoption law
收养协议 adoption agreement
收养人 adoptive parent
送养人 person or institution placing out a child for adoption
涉外收养 adoption with foreign elements
继承法 inheritance law; law of succession
法定继承 legal seccession
遗嘱继承 intestate succession
遗赠继承 succession by devise
自然继承 natural succession
代位继承 representation; succession by subrogation
世袭继承 hereditary succession
间接继承 indirect succession
转继承 subsuccession
共同继承 joint succession
单独继承 single succession
继承人 heir; successor
第二顺序继承人 successor second in order
第一顺序继承人 successor first in order
继承参与人 succession participant
遗产 inheritance; heritage
遗产继承人 heir to property; inheritor
遗言 last will and testament
遗书 last words
遗赠 bequest; legacy; devise
遗赠抚养协议 legacy-support ageement
案件受理费 court acceptance fee
案情重大、复杂 important and complicated case
案由 cause of action
案子 case
包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits
被告 defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件)
被上诉人 appellee
被诉人 respondent; defendant
本案律师 councel pro hac vice
本地律师 local counsel
毕业证 diploma; graduation certificate
辩护词 defense; pleadings
辩护律师 defense lawyer
辩护要点 point of defense
辩护意见 submission
财产租赁 property tenancy
裁定书 order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）
裁决书 award（用于仲裁）
裁决书 verdict（用于陪审团）
采信的证据 admitted evidence; established evidence
草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests
查阅法条 source legal provisions
产权转让 conveyancing
出差 go on errand; go on a business trip
出国深造 further study abroad
出具律师意见书 providing legal opinion
出示的证据 exhibit
出庭 appear in court
传票 summons; subpoena
答辩状 answer; reply
代理词 representation
代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate
代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记 agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations
代理仲裁 agency for arbitration
代写文书 drafting of legal instruments
待决案件 pending case
当事人陈述 statement of the parties
第三人 third party
吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer license
调查笔录 investigative record
调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence
调解 mediation
调解书 mediation
二审案件 case of trial of second instance
发送电子邮件 send e-mail
法律顾问 legal consultants
法律意见书 legal opinions
法律援助 legal aid
法律咨询 legal counseling
法庭 division; tribunal
法学博士学位 LL.D (Doctor of Laws)
法学会 law society
法学课程 legal courses
法学硕士学位 LL.M (Master of Laws)
法学系 faculty of law; department of law
法学学士学位 LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)
J.D ( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士)
法学院 law school
法院公告 court announcement
反诉状 counterclaim
房地产律师 real estate lawyer; real property lawyer
非合伙律师 associate lawyer
非诉讼业务 non-litigation practice
高级合伙人 senior partner
高级律师 senior lawyer
各类协议和合同 agreements and contracts
公安局 Public Security Bureau
公司上市 company listing
公诉案件 public-prosecuting case
公证书 notarial certificate
国办律师事务所 state-run law office
国际贸易 international trade
国际诉讼 international litigation
国内诉讼 domestic litigation
合伙律师 partner lawyer
合伙制律师事务所 law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice
合同审查、草拟、修改 contract review, drafting and revision
会见当事人 interview a client
会见犯罪嫌疑人 interview a criminal suspect
兼职律师 part-time lawyer
监狱 prison; jail
鉴定结论 expert conclusion
缴纳会费 membership dues
举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi
决定书 decision
勘验笔录 record of request
看守所 detention house
抗诉书 protest
控告人 accuser; complainant
跨国诉讼 transnational litigation
劳动争议 labor disputes
劳动争议仲裁委员会 arbitration committee for labor disputes
劳改场 reform-through-labor farm; prison farm
利害关系人 interested party; party in interest
律管处处长 director of lawyer control department
律师 lawyer attorney; attorney at law
律师惩戒 lawyer discipline
律师法 Lawyer Law
律师费 lawyer fee
律师函 lawyer’s letter
律师见证 lawyer attestation/authentication
律师见证书 lawyer certification/authentication/witness
律师卷宗 lawyer’s docile; file
律师刊物 lawyer’s journal
律师联系电话 contact phone number of a lawyer
律师事务所 law office; law firm
律师收费 billing by lawyer
律师网站 lawyer website
律师协会 National Bar (Lawyer) Association
律师协会会员 member of Lawyer Association
律师协会秘书长 secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association
律师协会章程 Articles of Lawyer Assocition
律师业务室 lawyer’s office
律师执业证 lawyer license
律师助理 assistant lawyer
律师资格考试 bar exam; lawyer qualification exam
律师资格证 lawyer qualification certificate
民事案件 civil case
民事调解 civil mediation
民事诉讼 civil litigation
派出所 local police station; police substation
判决 judgement(用于民事、行政案件);
determination(用于终审);
sentence(用于刑事案);
verdict(由陪审团作出)
旁证 circumstantial evidence
企业章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw
企业重组 corporate restructure
起诉状 information; indictment
取消律师资格 disbar
全国律师代表大会 National Lawyer Congress
缺席宣判 pronounce judgement or determination by default
人民法院 People’s Court
人民检察院 People’s Procuratorate
认定事实 determine facts
上诉案件 case of trial of second instance; appellate case
上诉人 appellant
上诉状 petition for appeal
涉外律师 lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters
申请复议 administrative reconsideration petition
申请加入律师协会 application for admission to Law Association
申请人 petitioner; claimant
申诉案件 appeal case
申诉人（仲裁） claimant; plaintiff
申诉书 appeal for revision, petition for revision
实习律师 apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period
实习律师证 certificate of apprentice lawyer
视听证据 audio-visual reference material
适用法律 apply law to facts
受害人 victim
书证 documentary evidence
司法部 Ministry of Justice
司法建议书 judicial advise
司法局 Judicial Bureau
司法局副局长 deputy director of Judicial Bureau
司法局局长 director of Judicial Bureau
司法统一考试 uniform judicial exam
送达 service of process
诉讼 litigation; action; lawsuit
诉讼当事人 litigation party; litigious party
诉讼业务 litigation practice
诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim
推销法律服务 promote/market legal service
外国律师事务所 foreign law office
委托代理合同 authorized representation contract
委托代理人 agent ad litem; entrusted agent
委托授权书 power of attorney
物证 material evidence
嫌疑人 criminal suspect
项目融资 project financing
项目谈判 project negotiating
刑事案件 criminal case
刑事诉讼 criminal litigation
行政诉讼 administrative litigation
休庭 adjourn the court; recess
宣判 pronounce judgement; determination
宣誓书 affidavit
业务进修 attendance in advanced studies
一审案件 case of trial of first instance
与国外律师事务所交流 communicate with foreign law firms
原告 plaintiff
证券律师 securities lawyer
证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit
执行笔录 execution record
执业登记 registration for practice
执业范围 scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area
执业申请 practice application
执业证年检 annual inspection of lawyer license
仲裁 arbitration
仲裁案件 arbitration case
仲裁机构 arbitration agency
专门律师 specialized lawyer
专职律师 professional lawyer; full-time lawyer
撰写法律文章 write legal thesis
资信调查 credit standing investigation
自诉案件 private prosecuting case
会计法 accounting law
税法 tax law; taxation law
反不正当竞争法 anti-unfair competition law
消费者权益保护法 consumer’s interest protection law
产品责任法 production liability law
消费者权益法 consumer rights and interests law
公司法 company law; corporate law
公司 company; corporation
有限责任公司 limited liability company
股份有限公司 company limited by shares
无限公司 unlimited company
股份两合公司 joint stock limited liability partnership
两合公司 joint liability company
控股公司 holding company
集团公司 group company
合资公司 joint venture company
联营公司 associated company; affiliated company
国营公司 state-own company
国有公司 state-owned company
民营公司 civilian-run company
本国公司 national/domestic company
外国公司 foreign company
上市公司 listed company
母公司 parent company
子公司 subsidiary
皮包公司 briefcase company; fundless company
募集设立 incorporation by stock floatation
发起人 floater; initiator
公司名称 name of company
公司住址 domicile of company
出资 contribution; capital subscription
现金出资 investment in cash
实物出资 investment in kind
工业产权出资 investment in industrial property right
非专有技术出资 investment in non-patent technology
劳务出资 investment in labor
高新技术成果出资 investment in hi-tech achievements
注册资本 registered capital
实缴资本 paid-in capital
验资报告 capital verification report
会计师事务所 certified public accountants
注册会计师 certified public accountant
资本三原则 three doctrine of capital
资本确定原则 doctrine of capital determination
资本维持原则 doctrine of capital maintenance
资本不变原则 doctrine of unchanging capital
最低资本额制度 minimum capital system
公司章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw
公司登记 incorporation; corporate registration
公司存续 existence of company
公司合并分立 merger and split of company
公司并购 corporate merger and acquisition
公司管理 corporate governance; company management
公司法律顾问 corporate counsel
公司整顿 company rectification
公司歇业 closure of business
公司和解 company composition
公司解散 company dissolution
公司清算 company liquidation
公司清理 company winding-up
竞业禁止 non-commpete; competition prohibition
招股章程 prospectus
股本 stock capital
股东 shareholder
股东大会 shareholders’ meeting
股东大会决议 resolution of shareholders’ meeting
股东大会议事规则 rule of procedure of shareholders’ meeting
表决权 voting right; right to vote
董事 director
董事长 president/chairman of the board
首席执行官 chief executive officer(CEO)
首席运营官 chief operation officer(COO)
执行董事 executive director
常务董事 managing director
董事会 board of directors
董事会领导下的经理负责制 responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors
经理独立负责制 manager independent responsibility system
监事 supervisor
监事会 board of supervisors
股 share; stock
普通股 common stock
特别股 special stock
资格股 qualification stock
优先股 preferred stock
劣后股 inferior stock
表决权股 stock with voting power
溢价股 premium stock
折价股 converting stock
国家股 state-owned share
集体股 collective share
法人股 corporate share
企业股 enterprise share
个人股 individual share
股息 dividend
红股 bonus stock; dividend stock
法定公积金 legal accumulation fund
资本公积金 capital accumulation fund
盈余公积金 surplus accumulation fund
任意公积金 optional accumulation fund
公司犯罪 corporate crime
证券法 securities law
证券发行 issuance of securities
证券上市 list securities; float an issue
证券交易所 stock exchange
证券商 securities dealer
证券公司 securities company
证券承销商 consortium of underwriters
证券承销合同 underwriting contract
证券经纪人 securities broker
披露制度 disclosing system
交割日 closing date
风险投资基金 venture capital fund
上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange
深圳证券交易所 Shenzhen Stock Exchange
证券监督委员会 securities supervision committee
票据法 law of negotiable instrument
票据 notes; bills; commercial instruments
商业票据 bill; commercial instrument
远期票据 time bill;; long-dated bill
到期票据 matured bill
即期票据 sight bill
记名票据 bill payable to order; note to order
不记名票据 bearer instrument
本票 promissory note
支票 cheque
汇票 bill of exchange
发票日 ticket day
出票日 date of draft/issue
发票地 place of draft/issue
票据到期日 bill to mature
票据金额 sum of bill
票面价额 face value
票据出票人 drawer
票据持票人 bill holder
票据承兑人 bill acceptor
票据行为 act on commercial paper
承兑票据 honor a bill
票据议付 negotiation
拒付票据 protest a bill
票据付款人 drawee
票据支付人 payer on commercial instrument
票据收款人 bill collector
票据背书人 endorser/indorser of a bill
被背书人 endorsee
票据保证人 bill guarantor
票据被保证人 bill pledgee/warrantee
再追索人 renewed recourser
前手 remote holder
后手 subsequent endorser
票据权利 right of bill
票据期限 term of bill; tenor
票据债务人 debtor of commercial instrument
追索权 right of recourse
票据抗辩 exception to bill
票据丧失 loss of bill
票据时效 prescription of exchanges
票据贴现 discount of bill
再贴现 rediscount of bill
恩惠期间 term of benevolence
票据代理 agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments
海商法 maritime law
船舶国籍证书 certificate of registry; certificate of ship’s nationality
船棋国 flag country
船舶所有权证书 certificate of ship ownership
船舶检验 register of ship
船舶保险 insurance on hull
船舶保险单 hull insurance policy
船舶登记证书 certificate of registry
船舶丈量 tonnage measurement of ships
船舶进港费 groundage
船舶抵押 ship mortgage
船舶租赁 ship chartering
船舶转租 ship subchartering
船舶所有人责任限制 limitation of liabilities of ship owners
船舶碰撞 ship collision
船舶遇难 maritime distress
海上灾难 perils of the sea
海上拖航 marine towage
船舶扣押 detention of ship
船舶债权 ship’s credit
船级社 classification society
船级证书 certificate of class
海上留置权 maritime lien
船舶留置权 maritime lien
船舶抵押权 maritime mortgage
海上优先请求权 priority claim to seagoing ships
救助优先权 priority claim to salvage
共同海损优先权 priority claim to general average
服务优先权 priority claim to service
货物损害优先权 priority claim to cargo damage
传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权 priority claim to ship credit and goods credit
海运合同 shipping contract
提单 bill of lading(B/L)
空舱费 dead freight
租船费 charterage
租船合同 charter-party contract of affreightment
期租船合同 time charter-party; time CP
航次租船合同 voyage charter-party
定期租船合同 time charter-party
光船租船合同 bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP
包租运输合同 shipping charter-party
海上旅客运输合同 contract for carriage of passengers by sea
远洋拖带合同 contract of ocean towage
港内拖带合同 contract of port towage
海难救助合同 salvage contract
海事报告 master’s protest;; sea protest
海事声明书 sea protest
海事争议 maritime dispute
海事法院 maritime court;; admiralty court
海事诉讼程序 maritime proceedings
船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权 civil jurisdiction of sea collision
船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权 criminal jurisdiction of sea collision
海事争议的审理 hearing/trial of maritime disputes
海事诉讼保全措施 measures for maritime attachment
海事优先请求权 preferential right top maritime claim
海事请求保全申请书 application/petition for maritime attachment
海事诉讼法律文书送达 service of legal instruments in maritime action/proceedings
涉外海事诉讼管辖权 jurisdiction of maritime action involving for elements
强制变卖被扣押船舶 compulsory realization of the distrained ship
海事仲裁程序规则 rules of maritime arbitration procedure
保险法 insurance law
自愿保险 voluntary insurance
强制保险 compulsory insurance
商业保险 commercial insurance
财产保险 property insurance
人身保险 personal insurance
人寿保险 life insurance
健康保险 health insurance
意外保险 accident insurance
社会保险 social insurance
养老保险 endowment insurance
医疗保险 medical insurance
失业保险 unemployment insurance
信用保险 credit insurance
保证保险 guaranty insurance
保险合同 insurance contract
保险人 insurer; underwriter
被保险人 the insured
受益人 benificiary
投保人 applicant for insurance;; policy holder
保险单 insurance policy
保险标的 insurance object
保险费 premium
保险期限 time limit of insurance
保险利益 insurable interest
保险金额 insurance; insurance compensation
保险事故 insurance accident
保险赔偿 insurance indemnity
保险代理人 insurance agent
保险经纪人 insurance broker
索赔 claim
代位索赔 claim by subrogation
理赔 settlement of claim
代位求偿权 right of subrogation
委付 abandonment
退保 cancellation/discharging of insurance
刑法学 criminal law; penal law
犯罪学 criminology
犯罪心理学 criminal psychology
劳动改造法学 reform-through-labor
中国刑法史 history of Chinese criminal law
比较刑法学 comparative criminal law
刑事侦查 criminal detection
司法精神病学 forensic psychiatry
罪刑法定原则 principal of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime
罪刑相适应原则 principal of suiting punishment to crime
罪责自负原则 principal of bearing responsibility solely for one’s own crime
惩罚与教育相结合原则 principal of combining punishment with education
从旧原则 the doctrine of observing old laws
从新原则 the doctrine of observing new laws
从旧兼从轻原则 the doctrine of observing old laws and new ones when with lighter punishment
从新兼从轻原则 the doctrine of observing new laws and old ones when with lighter punishment
追诉时效 limitation of prosecution
刑事责任 criminal liability/responsibility
刑事责任年龄 age for criminal responsibility
刑事责任能力 criminal responsibility; capacity for criminal responsibility
犯罪 crime; commit a crime
故意犯罪 intentional crime; willful crime
过失犯罪 negligent crime
犯罪构成 constitution of a crime
犯罪主体 subject of a crime
犯罪客体 object of a crime
犯罪的主观方面 subjective elements of a crime
犯罪的客观方面 objective elements of a crime
犯罪对象 target of a crime
犯罪故意 criminal intent; mens rea
直接故意 actual intent; direct intent
间接故意 indirect intent
犯罪过失 criminal negligence
疏忽大意的过失 careless negligence
过于自信的过失 negligence with undue assumption
不能预见 unforeseeable; unpredictable
不能避免 unavoidable
犯罪动机 criminal motive
犯罪目的 criminal intent; criminal purpose
防卫过当 unjustifiable self-defense
紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity
犯罪既遂 completion of a crime
犯罪未遂 attempted crime
犯罪形态 criminal pattern
犯罪预备 a crime in preparation; preparation for a crime
犯意表示 expression for a crime
犯罪中止 abandonment/discontinuance of a crime
犯罪中断 suspension of a crime
行为犯 behavioral offence
危险犯 potential damage offence
结果犯 consequential offence
结果加重犯 aggregated consequential offence
类推 analogy
定罪 conviction; crimination
定罪情节 circumstances for adjudgment
定罪量刑 punishment fits the crime
量刑情节 principle of discretionary action of sentencing; principal of sentencing
危害行为 dangerous act
因果关系 causative relation
共同犯罪 complicity; joint offence
教唆犯 abettor
主犯 principal
从犯 accessory
胁从犯 accomplice under duress; unwilling follower
帮助犯 aider; accessory
累犯 recidivist; repeat offence
一般累犯 common recidivist
反革命累犯 counter-revolutionary recidivist
法人犯罪 corporate crime
结伙犯罪 gang crime
流氓集团 gang of hoodlums
流氓罪 crime of indecent assault
集团犯罪 organized crime
经济犯罪 economic crime
职务犯罪 duty crime; crime by taking advantage of duty
聚众犯罪 assembled a crowd to commit a crime
一罪 one crime
一罪不二罚 nemo bis punitur pro eodem delicto; no one is punished twice for the same crime
继续犯 continuous crime
持续犯 continuous crime
想象竟合犯 imaginative joinder of offences
惯犯 habitual offence
结合犯 combinative crime; integrated offence
连续犯 continuing offence
牵连犯 implicated offence
吸收犯 Inclusive offence; absorbable offence
数罪 plural crimes
数罪并罚 joinder of punishment for plural crimes
法定最高刑 maximum statutory penalty
法定最低刑 minimum statutory penalty
总和刑期 total term of sentences
并科原则 doctrine of cumulation of punishments
相加原则 doctrine of accumulation
合并原则 doctrine of joinder
累加原则 cumulative principle
吸收原则 absorption principle
限制加重原则 principle of limitative aggravation
折衷原则 doctrine of compromise
两罚制 dual/double punishment
单罚制 single punishment
漏罪 omitted crime
先并后减 reduction after combined sentence
新罪 newly committed crime
先减后并 combination of sentence after reduction
刑罚个别化原则 principle of individualization of punishment
刑罚经济原则 principle of economization of punishment
刑罚人道主义原则 principle of humanitarianism of punishment
刑罚效益原则 principle of utility of punishment
刑罚的种类 classification of criminal pennalties
生命刑 punishment depriving life
财产刑 punishment against property
权利刑 punishment of depriving rights
主刑 principal penalties
管制 public surveillance
拘役 penal servitude
有期徒刑 fixed-term imprisonment
无期徒刑 life imprisonment
死刑 death penalty
死缓 death sentence with a two-year reprieve
附加刑 accessory penalties
剥夺政治权利 deprivation of political right
没收财产 forfeiture of property
罚金 criminal fine
剥夺勋章、奖章和荣誉称号 stripping of medals, decoration or honorary titles
驱逐出境 renvoi
量刑 sentencing
犯罪事实 criminal fact
犯罪性质 criminal character
犯罪情节 criminal circumstances of crime
情节严重 grave/serious circumstances
情节特别严重 circumstances are particularly serious
情节恶劣 circumstances are wicked
后果特别严重 with particularly serious consequence
量刑情节 circumstance for sentencing
法定情节 statutory circumstances
从轻处罚 lighter punishment
减轻处罚 mitigation of penalty below minimum statutory prescript
从重处罚 heavier punishment
加重处罚 aggravation of penalty below minimum statutory prescript
免予处罚 exemption from punishment
酌定情节 discretionary circumstances
自首 surrender oneself to justice
坦白 confession of one’s offence
自动投案 voluntary surrender to justice
立功 metitorious serviceoffset立功赎罪
假释 one’s guilt by merit
假释考验期 probation period for parole
减刑 commutation; mitigation of punishment
减刑建议书 advisory letter of commutation
赦免 pardon
大赦 amnesty; general pardon
特赦 special pardon
追诉时效 limitation of prosecution
追诉期限 deadline of prosecution
预防犯罪 prevention of crime
缓刑 probation; reprieve
缓刑宣告制 system of suspended pronouncement of sentence
缓刑起诉制 system of suspended prosecution
缓刑考验期 probation period
行刑 execution; executing punishment
监外执行 execution of sentence outside prison yet under surveillance
